PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian											259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian											264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian									300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian									303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun									305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg			477.7
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort			Late Cambrian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian									509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8