PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Britain		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
									Filipovian			276.5 *
							Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
									Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
									Irginian			285.9 *
							Rusavkinian		Irginian			287.6 *
									Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *			Sakmarian
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean				Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10					Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian					Caerfai			509
		Stage 3	Branchian	514
		Stage 3	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
												538.8