PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian		Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian		Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian		Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian							247.2
				Induan								251.2
				Induan				Kathwai				251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai				251.902
												252.4 *
								Chhidru				252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
								Kalabagh				255 *
								Wargal				256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
												265.3 *
								Amb				266.1 *
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Amb				266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian							Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau		1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan		1375
												1400