PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian				Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian					3
		Zanclean									Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian					13.82
											Clifdenian					15.1
										Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						Waitakian					23.03
											Duntroonian					25.2
											Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian		Kekeamuan												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian												33.9
										Arnold	Runangan					34.6
											Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian					41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
											Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian			Bumbanian						Heretaungan					47.8
											Mangaorapan					48.9
											Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan							Teurian					56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
											Mangaotanean					90.5
											Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan					93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
											Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan					100.5
											Urutawan					103.3
										Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian									Korangan					113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein	Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian				Leine		Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian				Leine	Noginskian	Urzhumian				264.9 *
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
									Filipovian			276.5 *
							Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
									Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
									Irginian			285.9 *
							Rusavkinian		Irginian			287.6 *
									Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
									Uskalykian			294.8
									Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian					303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian		Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan					Pirgu	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †				Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
						Actonian †				Keila		453.2 *
						Actonian †				Haljala		453.9
						Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †							455.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
					Aurelucian								456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri		461.3 *
							Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
				Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Whitlandian				Hunneberg			473.7 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Cressagian							480.8 *
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																509