PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan					150
										Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian						Warepan					208.5
										Otamitan					217
										Oretian					221
				Carnian						Oretian					227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian						Etalian					238
				Anisian						Etalian					242
				Anisian						Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian				Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian					249
				Induan						Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian						Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Waiitian			Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Puruhauan			Longtanian †		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28				Flettian
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Barettian	266
Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Autunian	Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
			Visean					Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Pragian					Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400