PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean						Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian						Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian						Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
								Hemingfordian			16.3
								Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						23.03
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21							27.82
								Whitneyan			29.5
								Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian		MP 16				Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian		MP 16				Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Bridgerian			47.8
								Wasatchian			50.5
								Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian		MP 6				Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian						Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian				283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian					Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		430.5			Jaagarahu
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
		Telychian		Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian			509
		Stage 3			Branchian			514
		Stage 3			Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
											538.8