PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian						0.0042
				Greenlandian						0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean						3.6
				Zanclean		Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian						5.333
				Tortonian						7.246
				Tortonian		Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian		Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian		Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian						13.82
				Burdigalian						15.98
						Hemingfordian				16.3
						Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
				Rupelian						27.82
						Whitneyan				29.5
						Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian				47.8
						Wasatchian				50.5
						Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian		Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes			259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Wordian	Noginskian				264.9 *
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
			Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	Autunian			283.5
			Artinskian	Rusavkinian				287.6 *
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian				323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
Wenlock		Homerian	427.4
Wenlock		Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
										4600