PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan		Kathwai														251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	Kathwai														251.902
																		252.4 *
				Chhidru														252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru													Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh														255 *
				Wargal														256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
			Noginskian															264.9 *
																		265.3 *
				Amb														266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb														266.9
		Roadian																270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian															276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian															283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian			303.7
			Khamovnikian			304.8
			Krevyakinian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian			307
			Podolskian			308.9 *
			Kashirian			311.4 *
			Vereian			313.8
			Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian			315.2
			Cheremshanian			316.9 *
			Cheremshanian		Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Prikamian			318.6 *
			Severokeltmian			319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian		Lousuan	321.2 *
			Voznesenian		Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Dewunian	323.2
			Protvian			324.4 *
			Steshevian			326.8 *
			Tarusian			329 *
			Tarusian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Venevian			330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Aleksinian		Jiusian	335 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian			339.9 *
			Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		Tangbagouan	346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
						Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
				Mohawkian			Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian	453
							Turinian	453.7 *
							Turinian	Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian				Zahorany †/Vinice		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian							468
							Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian			Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian	Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509