PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
												Filipovian			276.5 *
			Pavlovoposadian									Filipovian			276.8 *
												Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
												Irginian			285.9 *
			Rusavkinian									Irginian			287.6 *
												Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *						Sakmarian
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian					303.7
			Khamovnikian					304.8
			Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Podolskian					308.9 *
			Kashirian					311.4 *
			Vereian					313.8
			Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
			Cheremshanian					316.9 *
			Prikamian					318.6 *
			Severokeltmian					319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
			Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian				323.2
			Protvian					324.4 *
			Steshevian					326.8 *
			Tarusian					329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Middle Mississippian				330.9
			Mikhailovian					331.9 *
			Aleksinian					333.7 *
			Tulian					335.8 *
			Bobrikian					339.9 *
			Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Early Mississippian				346.7
			Kizelian					350.7 *
			Cherepetian					351.9 *
			Karakubian					354.4 *
			Upinian					356.3 *
			Malevkian					357.6 *
			Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
						Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			467.3				Volkhov
		Dapingian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
							Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg					477.7
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort					485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
															509