PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan				Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai						251.902
												252.4 *
						Chhidru						252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru				Longtanian †		254.14
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
												265.3 *
						Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb						266.9
		Roadian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
				Stephanian B	300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian		Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				514	Dyeran
						Montezuman	514.8 *
						Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
												538.8