PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Permian of China	Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian				MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16					Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian				MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean				MN 15						3.6
						MN 14						4.2
						MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian				MN 12						7.246
						MN 11						7.75
						MN 10						8.7
						MN 9						9.7
						MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian				MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian				MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian				MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian				MN 4						15.98
						MN 3						16.9
						MN 2						20
		Aquitanian				MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian				MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian					66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic					100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan						Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian				Kathwai				251.902
												252.4 *
								Chhidru				252.9 *
				Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
			Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb			266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
								Xiaodushanian	300 *
									300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
						Huashibanian		318.5 *
						Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian		330.9
		Visean				Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran				Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran				Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4		Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran							514
				Montezuman							514.8 *
				Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
												538.8