PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene					Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
					Planulata							179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
					Kanense							181.3 *
					Carlottense							182.3 *
					Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae							184.2
					Freboldi							185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian										192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian								Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean								Shangsian	330.9
		Visean								Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian								Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
												509