PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean					Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian					Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian					Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
							Hemingfordian				16.3
							Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
		Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
							Whitneyan				29.5
							Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian			MP 16		Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian			MP 16		Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Bridgerian				47.8
							Wasatchian				50.5
							Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian			MP 6		Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian					Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †						Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian							Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian							Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean							Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian							Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian							Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian							Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
											538.8