PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan								56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
								Planulata						179.3 *
										Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
														180.1
								Kanense						181.3 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Kanense						182
								Carlottense						182.3 *
								Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Kunae						184.2
								Freboldi						185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian								257.7 *		Longtanian †
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan										259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian										264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian										273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian										283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian										285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian										298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				504.5
														509