PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of North America						Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean									Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
											Hemingfordian								16.3
											Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
											Whitneyan								29.5
											Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian								47.8
											Wasatchian								50.5
											Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian									Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Filipovian		276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
				Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian				323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian				335.8 *
				Bobrikian				339.9 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian				346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian				351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian			Gamachian		Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian				Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian				Pirgu	446 *
							Richmondian				Vormsi	449.6 *
							Maysvillian				Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian				Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian				Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian			Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Mohawkian			Chatfieldian				Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4		Keila		Idavere †	453
							Turinian				Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Kukruse			456.4 *
				Whiterockian							Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3		Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi	458.9 *
					Aseri	460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
						Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian							Ordovician 2				467.3
							Rangerian						469.1 *
						Billingen	Rangerian						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian			Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
										Latorp †					470.1 *
						Hunneberg									473.7 *
							Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean		Ordovician 1						477.7
							Stairsian								480.3 *
						Varangu	Stairsian								481.3 *
						Varangu	Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
						Pakerort								Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort							Cambrian 5		485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Cambrian 4		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan											Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1				529
																			538.8