PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of West Avalonia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean									Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian									Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
											Hemingfordian								16.3
											Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
											Whitneyan								29.5
											Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian									Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian								47.8
											Wasatchian								50.5
											Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian									Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
			Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
			Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
			Khamovnikian				304.8
			Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
			Podolskian				308.9 *
			Kashirian				311.4 *
			Vereian				313.8
			Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
			Cheremshanian				316.9 *
			Prikamian				318.6 *
			Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian				323.2
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian				330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian				335.8 *
			Bobrikian				339.9 *
			Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian				346.7
			Kizelian				350.7 *
			Cherepetian				351.9 *
			Karakubian				354.4 *
			Upinian				356.3 *
			Malevkian				357.6 *
			Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian	Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
								Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
								Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
								Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
								Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
										Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian								Keila		Idavere †	453
								Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
						Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku				458.4
				Lasnamagi	458.9 *
				Aseri	460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
					Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
								Rangerian				469.1 *
					Billingen			Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian		Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †					470.1 *
					Hunneberg									473.7 *
								Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean						477.7
								Stairsian						480.3 *
					Varangu			Stairsian						481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
					Pakerort								Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort									485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Branchian			509
		Stage 3												Branchian			514
		Stage 3												Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																			538.8