PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene							Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene				Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
						Planulata								179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
						Kanense								181.3 *
						Carlottense								182.3 *
						Kunae								183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae			Jurassic 2					184.2
						Freboldi								185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1					192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian					Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian						273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian						283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian						285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
										Xiaodushanian	300 *
											300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Shangsian					330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Shangsian					330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Jiusian					335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Siegen		Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian						Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian						Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan							Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian				Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1	529
														538.8