PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian					MN 17		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian	MN 16	Tertiary †	2.58
						Ruscinian	MN 16		3.1 *
							MN 15		3.2
		Zanclean					MN 15		3.6
							MN 14		4.2
				Hemphillian			MN 14		4.7
							MN 13		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian	MN 13		5.333
		Tortonian					MN 12		7.246
							MN 11		7.75
						Vallesian	MN 10		8.7
				Clarendonian			MN 10		9.4
							MN 9		9.7
							MN 7 + 8		11.1
		Serravallian				Astaracian			11.63
				Barstovian					12.5
							MN 6		12.8 *
		Langhian					MN 5		13.82
		Burdigalian				Orleanian	MN 4		15.98
				Hemingfordian			MN 4		16.3
				Hemingfordian			MN 3		16.9
				Arikareean			MN 3		18.5
						Agenian	MN 2		20
		Aquitanian					MN 2		20.44
		Aquitanian					MN 1		22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
				Whitneyan					29.5
				Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian					47.8
				Wasatchian					50.5
				Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian		Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	145
		Kimmeridgian	149.2
		Oxfordian	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	161.5
		Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian	168.2
		Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		438.5		Adavere
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †				504.5
									509