PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian Subages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian					66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
											Filipovian			276.5 *
											Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
											Irginian			285.9 *
											Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian								Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
											Uskalykian			294.8
			Surenian	297.5
			Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel		298.9
				Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian				358.9
				Middle Famennian				365.3 *
				Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian				372.2
				Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
				Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko				Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Chotec				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Chotec				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	443.8
		Katian								Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian								Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian								Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian								Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian	470
										Bendigonian	471.8 *
										Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian								Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian								Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
														509