PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Australia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan					150
											Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian							Warepan					208.5
											Otamitan					217
											Oretian					221
				Carnian							Oretian					227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian							Etalian					238
				Anisian							Etalian					242
				Anisian							Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian			Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian							Nelsonian					249
				Induan							Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan						DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian							Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Waiitian			Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Puruhauan			Longtanian †		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28						Flettian
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Barettian	266
Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian							Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian							Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian							Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian	470
										Bendigonian	471.8 *
										Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian							Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian							Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan										1375
																1400