PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Britain				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan											150
									Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian							Warepan											208.5
									Otamitan											217
									Oretian											221
		Carnian							Oretian											227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian							Etalian											238
		Anisian							Etalian											242
		Anisian							Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian	Vokhmian										247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian											249
		Induan							Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan						Melekhovian					251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Waiitian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									Longtanian †	254.14
									Puruhauan											254.2
									Puruhauan							Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Urzhumian		264.28
								Noginskian	264.9 *
				Barettian					266
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian			Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian			Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian					Irenian/Ufimian	276
									Filipovian	276.5 *
								Pavlovoposadian	Filipovian	276.8 *
									Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
				Telfordian					Sarginian	285
									Irginian	285.9 *
								Rusavkinian	Irginian	287.6 *
									Burtsevian	287.8 *
									Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
								Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Prikamian		318.6 *
								Severokeltmian		319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
								Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Zapaltjubian		323.2
								Protvian		324.4 *
								Steshevian		326.8 *
								Tarusian		329 *
		Visean						Venevian		330.9
								Mikhailovian		331.9 *
								Aleksinian		333.7 *
								Tulian		335.8 *
								Bobrikian		339.9 *
								Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian						Kosvian		346.7
								Kizelian		350.7 *
								Cherepetian		351.9 *
								Karakubian		354.4 *
								Upinian		356.3 *
								Malevkian		357.6 *
								Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4		Jaani
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill			Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
										Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Pusgillian			449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †			Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
				Cheneyan							Rakvere		451.5 *
				Cheneyan							Oandu		452 *
				Burrellian							Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †		453
						Keila	Actonian †				453.2 *
						Haljala	Actonian †				453.9
							Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †					455.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
				Aurelucian								456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
						Uhaku	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Uhaku						458.4
						Lasnamagi						458.9 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Aseri						461.3 *
						Oeland				Kunda		462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum	Kunda		464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
			Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
										Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
				Whitlandian									471.1 *
				Whitlandian						Hunneberg			473.7 *
				Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
				Cressagian									480.8 *
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †					497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509