PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian							MN 17							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							MN 16					Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian							MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean							MN 15							3.6
									MN 14							4.2
									MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							MN 13							5.333
		Tortonian							MN 12							7.246
									MN 11							7.75
									MN 10							8.7
									MN 9							9.7
									MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian							MN 7 + 8							11.63
		Serravallian							MN 6							12.8 *
		Langhian							MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian							MN 4							15.98
									MN 3							16.9
									MN 2							20
		Aquitanian							MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian							MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian						66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic						100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan									Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein							Kathwai					251.902
																252.4 *
											Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian									Chhidru				Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh		255 *
			Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian		Leine		264.28
						265.3 *
			Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian			458.5 *
							Oretanian			459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan						Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran						Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran						Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4			Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran									514
					Montezuman									514.8 *
					Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8