PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of North America	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean											Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian											Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5					Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
													Hemingfordian			16.3
													Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
													Whitneyan			29.5
													Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2					Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian			47.8
													Wasatchian			50.5
													Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1					Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian											Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †		Virgilian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Moscovian			Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
					Meramecian		335.8 *
					Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	Carboniferous 1	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Bolindian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Eastonian		Kralodvorian		449 *
								Eastonian		Berounian		449.7 *
								Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4			453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Yapeenian	Ordovician 2		Klabava †			467.3
								Yapeenian		Arenigian				468
								Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian						470
								Bendigonian						471.8 *
								Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian						Warendian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Cambrian 4					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5					Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1											529
																538.8