PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan				150
										Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			Herangi	Ururoan				176
						Planulata								179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
						Kanense								181.3 *
						Carlottense								182.3 *
						Kunae								183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae								184.2
						Freboldi								185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Aratauran				188.9
														189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian								Warepan				208.5
										Otamitan				217
										Oretian				221
		Carnian								Oretian				227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian					259.51
		Wordian		Flettian					264.28
		Wordian		Barettian					266
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian					276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian					283.5
				Telfordian					285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian	330.9
		Visean							Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli									Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
														509