PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of England		Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian														MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														MN 16	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian														MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean														MN 15			3.6
																MN 14			4.2
																MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12			7.246
																MN 11			7.75
																MN 10			8.7
																MN 9			9.7
																MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian														MN 7 + 8			11.63
		Serravallian														MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian														MN 4			15.98
																MN 3			16.9
																MN 2			20
		Aquitanian														MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Senonian				66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													Gallic				100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian													Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian											Wordian						264.28
		Roadian											Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian										Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
												Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian										Hunneberg			477.7
												Varangu			481.3 *
												Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Pakerort			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509