PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene		0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian		Yushean		Late Pliocene	Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian				Late Pliocene		3
		Zanclean					Waipipian				Early Pliocene		3.6
							Opoitian						3.7
							Opoitian		Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan						7.246
						Southland	Waiauan						11.04
									Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian		Shanwangian				13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene		15.98
									Xiejiaan				16.9
							Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				Late Oligocene		23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene		33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan				Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan				Early Eocene		47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian					Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan						93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
							Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan						100.5
							Urutawan						103.3
						Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian					Korangan						113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
					Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
					Niagaran	Kaugetuma		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Raikkula		439.4 *
					Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
													538.8