PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian							Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean							Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean							Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean							Early Pliocene			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian							Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian							Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian							Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian								MP 16			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian								MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian								MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Lockportian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	Branchian			509
		Stage 4					Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran					514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
							Montezuman		Placentian			517.1
							Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8