PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian												MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												MN 16	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian												MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean												MN 15			3.6
														MN 14			4.2
														MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12			7.246
														MN 11			7.75
														MN 10			8.7
														MN 9			9.7
														MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian												MN 7 + 8			11.63
		Serravallian												MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian												MN 4			15.98
														MN 3			16.9
														MN 2			20
		Aquitanian												MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan							150
										Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian								Warepan							208.5
										Otamitan							217
										Oretian							221
		Carnian								Oretian							227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan		254.2
				Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian			266
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian		276
						Filipovian		276.5 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian		285
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
						Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
									Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian						Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan								Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran								Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran						Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran									514
							Montezuman									514.8 *
			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
																	538.8