PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of China		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America					Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
		Induan																					251.2
		Induan								Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai													251.902
																							252.4 *
										Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru												Longtanian †	254.14
										Kalabagh													255 *
										Wargal													256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																					259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
																							265.3 *
										Amb													266.1 *
		Roadian								Amb													266.9
		Roadian																					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian																					283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †		445.2
					Pirgu			Richmondian			446 *
					Vormsi						449.6 *
						Berounian					449.7 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Nabala			Maysvillian				Johvi †	450 *
					Nabala			Edenian					450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere			Edenian					450.6 *
					Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
					Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian			Keila							Idavere †	453
					Keila			Turinian					453.7 *
					Haljala								453.9
					Haljala								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Kukruse										456.4 *
					Kukruse		Whiterockian				Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku							Aluoja †				457.5 *
									Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
						Dobrotivian										458.5 *
					Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian										458.9 *
					Lasnamagi	Oretanian										459.7 *
					Aseri											460.4 *
					Aseri				Sarka †							461.7 *
				Oeland	Kunda											462.9 *
					Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
					Volkhov											Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †								467.3
						Arenigian											468
								Rangerian									469.1 *
					Billingen			Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †		470
												Latorp †					470.1 *
					Hunneberg												473.7 *
								Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Tulean									477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
					Varangu			Stairsian									481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian							Demingian †		482 *
					Pakerort										Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †							485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								Paibian								494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian							494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian							Guzhangian									498.4
		Drumian								Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian									Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian							Branchian										509
		Stage 3	Nangaoian							Branchian										514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian							Placentian										517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian																	521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian																	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian																	530.7
																							538.8