PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of the Baltic	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan								Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian								Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian								Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian								Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian								Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean								Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian								Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian								Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian								Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
												Hemingfordian		16.3
												Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
				Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
												Whitneyan		29.5
												Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian						MP 16		Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian						MP 16		Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Bridgerian		47.8
												Wasatchian		50.5
												Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian						MP 6		Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian								Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian								Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian								Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian								Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian		443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
														4600