PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian													Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian													Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean		Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean		Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean		Early Pliocene			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian											Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian											Tunggurian		Middle Miocene			11.63
				Langhian											Shanwangian		Middle Miocene			13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian		Early Miocene			15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan					16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian													Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian													Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian													Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian													Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian													Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	Cayugan	419.2
				Kaugetuma	Cayugan	421.7 *
				Kaugetuma	Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu		Lockportian	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Raikkula				439.4 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian					443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian	Berounian						449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Oretanian								459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian								468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																				635