PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean									Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian									Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
											Hemingfordian				16.3
											Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
											Whitneyan				29.5
											Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian									Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian				47.8
											Wasatchian				50.5
											Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian									Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Filipovian		276.5 *
				Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
											Aksaian		490.7 *
											Sakian		492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan			Topazan					Stage 5 †		Tuesaian		504.5
					Topazan									505.3
					Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †				509
												Toyonian		510 *
					Dyeran							Toyonian		511 *
												Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
					Montezuman									514.8 *
					Montezuman							Atdabanian		515.6 *
					Begadean							Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian		521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian												529
															538.8