PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian									MN 17							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									MN 16					Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian									MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean									MN 15							3.6
											MN 14							4.2
											MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									MN 13							5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12							7.246
											MN 11							7.75
											MN 10							8.7
											MN 9							9.7
											MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian									MN 7 + 8							11.63
		Serravallian									MN 6							12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian									MN 4							15.98
											MN 3							16.9
											MN 2							20
		Aquitanian									MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian						66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic						100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan											Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein							Kathwai					251.902
																		252.4 *
													Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian											Chhidru				Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh	255 *
			Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian		Leine		264.28
						265.3 *
			Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
									Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
									Dobrotivian			458.5 *
									Oretanian			459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan								Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran								Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran								Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4			Dyeran											511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran											514
					Montezuman											514.8 *
					Begadean											519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																		538.8