PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan													Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian													Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian													Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian													Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian													Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean													Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian													Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian													Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian													Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
																	Hemingfordian		16.3
																	Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
				Rupelian											MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
																	Whitneyan		29.5
																	Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian											MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian											MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian											MP 16		Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian											MP 16		Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian											MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Bridgerian		47.8
																	Wasatchian		50.5
																	Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian											MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian											MP 6		Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian													Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian													Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian													Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian													Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian						Paibian				494
			Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Topazan	Stage 5 †			504.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Delamaran	Stage 5 †			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian						Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4	Duyunian						Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3	Nangaoian						Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian										521
			Fortunian	Meishucunian										529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian										530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †						538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †						571.7 *
																			635