PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of China		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																				Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																						5.333
		Tortonian																						7.246
		Serravallian																						11.63
		Langhian																						13.82
		Burdigalian																						15.98
		Aquitanian																						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																						33.9
		Bartonian																						37.71
		Lutetian																						41.2
		Ypresian																						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																						56
		Selandian																						59.2
		Danian																						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																						66
		Campanian																						72.1
		Santonian																						83.6
		Coniacian																						86.3
		Turonian																						89.8
		Cenomanian																						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																						100.5
		Aptian																						113
		Barremian																						121.4
		Hauterivian																						125.77
		Valanginian																						132.6
		Berriasian																						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																						145
		Kimmeridgian																						149.2
		Oxfordian																						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																						161.5
		Bathonian																						165.3
		Bajocian																						168.2
		Aalenian																						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																						174.7
		Pliensbachian																						184.2
		Sinemurian																						192.9
		Hettangian																						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																						201.4
		Norian																						208.5
		Carnian																						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian																					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian																		Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian																			Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian																	Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian																		Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian																		Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
																					Filipovian			276.5 *
																			Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
																					Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian																		Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
																					Irginian			285.9 *
																			Rusavkinian		Irginian			287.6 *
																					Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian																		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *																Sakmarian
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
										Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
										Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian			449.5
									Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
												Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian			450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
										Cheneyan					451.5 *
										Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
												Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
			Aurelucian	456.8 *
				Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
						Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian												467.3
							Arenig		Fennian						468.4 *
										Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
									Whitlandian	Blackhillsian						471.1 *
									Whitlandian	Tulean						473.9 *
									Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Tremadoc		Migneintian							477.7
								Lianghekou †								477.9 *
										Stairsian						480.3 *
									Cressagian	Stairsian						480.8 *
									Cressagian	Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
															Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10														Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian														Paibian		494
		Paibian														Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian														Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan														Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Duyunian		Branchian			509
		Stage 3														Nangaoian		Branchian			514
		Stage 3														Nangaoian		Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian			529											Meishucunian
		Fortunian			Jinnigian											530.7
																								538.8