PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Russian Platform		South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian							Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian							Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian							Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian							Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian							Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Vorohuean			Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian							Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean							Chapadmalalan				3.6
									Montehermosan				3.7 *
									Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
									Chasicoan				7.9 *
									Mayoan				9.9 *
									Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian							Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian							Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian							Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian							Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian							Friasian				15.98
									Santacrucian				16.2 *
									Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian							Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian							Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian							Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian							Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian							Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian							Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian							Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Riochican				56
									Itaboraian				56.9 *
									Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian							Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Filipovian		276.5 *
				Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Bolindian	445.2
						Chientangkiangian			Eastonian	449 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Eastonian	449.5
									Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian							Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian	458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Darriwilian	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				Ungurian	477.7
								Lianghekou †			477.9 *
								Lianghekou †	Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian		489.5
									Aksaian		490.7 *
									Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
									Toyonian			510 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
													525.5