PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian												Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
																Kawhia	Ohauan		150
																	Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian													Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras								168.2
				Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
				Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					Herangi	Ururoan		176
											Planulata								179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
											Kanense								181.3 *
											Carlottense								182.3 *
											Kunae								183.5 *
				Pliensbachian							Kunae								184.2
											Freboldi								185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Aratauran		188.9
																			189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
				Sinemurian															192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
				Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian													Warepan		208.5
																	Otamitan		217
																	Oretian		221
				Carnian													Oretian		227
				Carnian												Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Kaihikuan		237
Etalian				Ladinian	238
Etalian				Anisian	242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		266
			Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
			Katian							Gamachian				445.2
										Richmondian				446 *
										Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian	453
										Turinian	453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10											487.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †											497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000												Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																			1400