PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Vokhmian										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
																Filipovian			276.5 *
														Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
																Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian													Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
																Irginian			285.9 *
														Rusavkinian		Irginian			287.6 *
																Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian													Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *											Sakmarian
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
							Richmondian			Vormsi	449.6 *
							Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	Vormsi	449.8 *
							Maysvillian			Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian			Nabala		450.4 *
							Edenian	Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere		451.1 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
							Turinian			Keila		453.7 *
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
						Whiterockian			Canadian †	Kukruse		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku			458.4
			Lasnamagi	458.9 *
			Aseri	460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
				Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									467.3
							Rangerian				469.1 *
				Billingen			Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †					470.1 *
				Hunneberg									473.7 *
							Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
							Stairsian						480.3 *
				Varangu			Stairsian						481.3 *
				Varangu			Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
				Pakerort								Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort									485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509