PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
												Filipovian			276.5 *
										Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
												Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
												Irginian			285.9 *
										Rusavkinian		Irginian			287.6 *
												Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *							Sakmarian
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean				Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere	450.6 *
							Oandu	452 *
		Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian	Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
				Latorp †				470.1 *
			Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg					477.7
			Varangu					481.3 *
			Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort	Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †		485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian		Paibian						494
		Paibian		Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian				Wangcunian †		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		Drumian				Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian								530.7
															538.8