PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian					Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian						3
		Zanclean										Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian										Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian						13.82
												Clifdenian						15.1
											Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						Waitakian						23.03
												Duntroonian						25.2
												Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian													33.9
											Arnold	Runangan						34.6
												Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian						41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
												Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian				Bumbanian						Heretaungan						47.8
												Mangaorapan						48.9
												Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan							Teurian						56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian										Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
												Mangaotanean						90.5
												Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan						93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
												Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan						100.5
												Urutawan						103.3
											Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian										Korangan						113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian			Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian				Filipovian		276.8 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
								Irginian		285.9 *
				Rusavkinian				Irginian		287.6 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian						303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan				Pirgu	445.2
					Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru				Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
									Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
									Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
					Aurelucian								456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri		461.3 *
						Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
				Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Whitlandian				Hunneberg			473.7 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Cressagian							480.8 *
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †		485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian								Paibian				494
		Paibian								Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								Drumian		Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
																		538.8