PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean						3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian			Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
					Hemingfordian			16.3
					Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
		Rupelian						27.82
					Whitneyan			29.5
					Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian			47.8
					Wasatchian			50.5
					Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian			Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		Paibian		494
		Paibian		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian				530.7
								538.8