PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of the Baltic	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran								Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean		0.129
													Irvingtonian		0.21
					Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian													0.774
													Blancan		1.4
					Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian									Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian										3
		Zanclean			Waipipian										3.6
					Opoitian										3.7
					Opoitian								Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
													Clarendonian		9.4
				Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian													11.63
													Barstovian		12.5
					Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian										13.82
					Clifdenian										15.1
				Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
													Hemingfordian		16.3
													Arikareean		18.5
					Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
					Duntroonian										25.2
					Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian									MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
													Whitneyan		29.5
													Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan										34.6
					Kaiatan										36.7
													Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian									MP 16				37.71
					Bortonian										39.1
													Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian									MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
					Heretaungan										45.7
													Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian									MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
					Mangaorapan										48.9
					Mangaorapan								Wasatchian		50.5
					Waipawan								Wasatchian		52
					Waipawan								Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian									MP 6		Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian											Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian		Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan				93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				100.5
				Urutawan				103.3
			Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian		Korangan				113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian			Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian		453
				Zahorany †/Vinice					Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
			Oretanian		459.7 *
				Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian							485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian							489.5
		Paibian	Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian								499
		Drumian	Undillan								500.5
		Drumian	Floran								503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian					Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian					Stage 5 †			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian								509
															510.8 *