PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of Western Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan					150
													Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian									Warepan					208.5
													Otamitan					217
													Oretian					221
				Carnian									Oretian					227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian									Etalian					238
				Anisian									Etalian					242
				Anisian									Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian				Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian					249
				Induan									Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan								DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian									Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Waiitian			Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Puruhauan			Longtanian †		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28								Flettian
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Barettian	266
Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian		285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
			Visean					Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Pragian					Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
			Tremadocian							477.7
			Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian							Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan					509
										Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3							514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau												1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian												1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																		1400