PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian								Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian										Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian							Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian				Wordian							Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian				Wordian					Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian				Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian				Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
													Filipovian			276.5 *
											Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
													Saraninian			280.1 *
							Hessian						Saraninian			281.9 *
		Artinskian										Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
													Irginian			285.9 *
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian									286.1 *
											Rusavkinian					287.6 *
			Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Nealian	Bursumian †	Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
								Khamovnikian	304.8
								Krevyakinian	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian			Krevyakinian	305.9 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian	307
								Podolskian	308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
					Atokan			Kashirian	312.7 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian	315.2
								Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Morrowan			Cheremshanian	318.4 *
								Prikamian	318.6 *
								Severokeltmian	319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
								Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
								Protvian	324.4 *
								Steshevian	326.8 *
								Tarusian	329 *
		Visean						Venevian	330.9
								Mikhailovian	331.9 *
								Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Meramecian			Tulian	335.8 *
					Meramecian			Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Osagean			Bobrikian	343.1 *
								Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian						Kosvian	346.7
								Kizelian	350.7 *
					Kinderhookian			Cherepetian	351.9 *
								Karakubian	354.4 *
								Upinian	356.3 *
								Malevkian	357.6 *
								Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Tremadocian								477.7
		Tremadocian								Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †			497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								509
			Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †							529
																538.8