PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America					Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																				Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																						5.333
		Tortonian																						7.246
		Serravallian																						11.63
		Langhian																						13.82
		Burdigalian																						15.98
		Aquitanian																						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																						33.9
		Bartonian																						37.71
		Lutetian																						41.2
		Ypresian																						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																						56
		Selandian																						59.2
		Danian																						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																						66
		Campanian																						72.1
		Santonian																						83.6
		Coniacian																						86.3
		Turonian																						89.8
		Cenomanian																						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																						100.5
		Aptian																						113
		Barremian																						121.4
		Hauterivian																						125.77
		Valanginian																						132.6
		Berriasian																						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																						145
		Kimmeridgian																						149.2
		Oxfordian																						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																						161.5
		Bathonian																						165.3
		Bajocian																						168.2
		Aalenian																						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																						174.7
		Pliensbachian																						184.2
		Sinemurian																						192.9
		Hettangian																						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																						201.4
		Norian																						208.5
		Carnian																						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																						247.2
		Induan																						251.2
		Induan									Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai													251.902
																								252.4 *
											Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian									Chhidru												Longtanian †	254.14
											Kalabagh													255 *
											Wargal													256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																						259.51
		Wordian																						264.28
																								265.3 *
											Amb													266.1 *
		Roadian									Amb													266.9
		Roadian																						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																						273.01
		Artinskian																						283.5
		Sakmarian																						290.1
		Asselian																						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Pirgu			Richmondian		446 *
					Vormsi					449.6 *
						Berounian				449.7 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
					Nabala			Maysvillian				Johvi †	450 *
					Nabala			Edenian					450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere			Edenian					450.6 *
					Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
					Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian			Keila							Idavere †	453
					Keila			Turinian					453.7 *
					Haljala								453.9
					Haljala								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Kukruse										456.4 *
					Kukruse		Whiterockian			Canadian †					Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku							Aluoja †				457.5 *
									Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
						Dobrotivian										458.5 *
					Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian										458.9 *
					Lasnamagi	Oretanian										459.7 *
					Aseri											460.4 *
					Aseri				Sarka †							461.7 *
				Oeland	Kunda											462.9 *
					Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
					Volkhov											Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †								467.3
						Arenigian											468
								Rangerian									469.1 *
					Billingen			Rangerian			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †		470
												Latorp †					470.1 *
					Hunneberg												473.7 *
								Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Tulean									477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
					Varangu			Stairsian									481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian							Demingian †		482 *
					Pakerort												482.2 *
																	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian								485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																			487.5
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
						Aksaian													490.7 *
						Sakian													492.2 *
		Paibian	494
		Paibian	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Series 3 †								497
			Ayusokkanian																Arcadian	498.4
			Mayan/Menevian																	499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian																	500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan																	Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								Branchian										509
			Toyonian			Lenian †															510 *
			Botomian																		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian																		514
			Atdabanian																		515.6 *
			Atdabanian								Placentian										517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian																		521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian																		525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †															529
																								538.8