PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian				Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian					Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian						Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian														Urzhumian			264.28
														Noginskian					264.9 *
										Murgabian									266.2 *
		Roadian													Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian													Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
																Filipovian			276.5 *
														Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
										Bolorian									279.8
																Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian													Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
																Irginian			285.9 *
										Yakhtashian									286
			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
			Khamovnikian				304.8
			Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
			Podolskian				308.9 *
			Kashirian				311.4 *
			Vereian				313.8
			Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
			Cheremshanian				316.9 *
			Prikamian				318.6 *
			Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian				323.2
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian				330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian				335.8 *
			Bobrikian				339.9 *
			Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian				346.7
			Kizelian				350.7 *
			Cherepetian				351.9 *
			Karakubian				354.4 *
			Upinian				356.3 *
			Malevkian				357.6 *
			Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
					Latorp †			470.1 *
				Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
				Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort				482.2 *
								Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				489.5
					Aksaian									490.7 *
					Sakian									492.2 *
													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Paibian				494
									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian					Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian					Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian			Waucoban †			509
					Toyonian			Lenian †								510 *
					Toyonian							Dyeran				511 *
					Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian						514
												Montezuman				514.8 *
					Atdabanian							Montezuman				515.6 *
					Atdabanian							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		Meishucunian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian						Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian			Manykaian †		530.7
																			538.8