PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian										Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian										Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian										Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian							MP 16			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian							MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian			453
					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dobrotivian				458.5 *
			Oretanian				459.7 *
				Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian						489.5
			Aksaian						490.7 *
			Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
			Ayusokkanian							Arcadian	498.4
			Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						Branchian			509
			Toyonian				Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
			Atdabanian									515.6 *
			Atdabanian						Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †					529
															538.8