PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene			7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene			11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene			13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene			15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
				Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian								Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian									259.51
				Wordian						Urzhumian									264.28
				Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
				Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
										Filipovian									276.5 *
										Saraninian									280.1 *
				Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
										Irginian									285.9 *
										Burtsevian									287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
							Varangu				481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
	Mansian †										483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian					Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
			Aksaian								Aksaian		490.7 *
			Sakian								Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								Tuesaian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian			509
			Toyonian					Lenian †			Toyonian				510 *
			Botomian								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian	514							Botomian
		Stage 3	Atdabanian		Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635