PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America					Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian														66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic														100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian														125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Gzhelian															Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian															Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian															Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
																	Huashibanian			318.5 *
																	Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Kosovian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian			Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Richmondian		446 *
				Eastonian						449 *
					Berounian					449.7 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
				Gisbornian							452 *
		Sandbian				453
						Turinian		453.7 *
						Turinian		Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
						Whiterockian		Zahorany †/Vinice		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian									458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian				Klabava †					467.3
				Yapeenian	Arenigian								468
				Castlemainian									468.5 *
				Castlemainian			Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Bendigonian										471.8 *
				Lancefieldian										473.5 *
							Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
				Warendian										482.8 *
				Warendian										Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †					Ketyan †/Yurakian						485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
				Aksaian												490.7 *
				Sakian												492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian												Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan													Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan														509
				Toyonian	Lenian †													510 *
				Botomian														512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian														514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian														515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian														521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian														525.5
		Fortunian	Manykaian †	Nemakit-Daldynian	529
																				538.8