PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene			7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene			11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene			13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene			15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian										Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian										Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
				Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian									Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian										259.51
				Wordian			Urzhumian										264.28
				Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
				Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
							Filipovian										276.5 *
							Saraninian										280.1 *
				Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian										283.5
							Irginian										285.9 *
							Burtsevian										287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
							Varangu				481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Pakerort			Late Cambrian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
			Aksaian								490.7 *
			Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian							Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian			509
			Toyonian										510 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian	521
		Stage 2		525.5
		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635